Semaglutide

Kuvaus

Semaglutide is an FDA-approved prescription medication belonging to the class of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, used primarily as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to support long-term weight management in adults with obesity (BMI ≥30) or overweight (BMI ≥27) with weight-related conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or cardiovascular disease. As a long-acting GLP-1 analog, Semaglutide mimics the natural incretin hormone to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, slow gastric emptying, and reduce appetite—leading to better blood sugar regulation, decreased food intake, and meaningful body weight reduction. It is available in multiple formulations: subcutaneous injections under brand names Ozempic (for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk reduction) and Wegovy (specifically for chronic weight management at higher doses up to 2.4mg weekly), as well as an oral tablet form under Rybelsus (for type 2 diabetes). Clinical trials (including SUSTAIN, STEP, and PIONEER programs) demonstrate impressive outcomes: A1C reductions of 1.5-2.0% or more, average weight loss of 10-17% or greater at maintenance doses (often 15-20 pounds or more over 68 weeks), and proven cardiovascular benefits such as reduced risk of major adverse events in patients with established heart disease. The injectable forms are administered once weekly via convenient pre-filled pens (subcutaneously in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm), with gradual dose titration starting low (e.g., 0.25mg) to minimize gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, and fatigue, which are common but often transient and improve over time. The oral Rybelsus tablet is taken daily on an empty stomach with water. While highly effective for diabetes control and weight management, Semaglutide carries important warnings including a boxed risk of thyroid C-cell tumors (including medullary thyroid carcinoma) in animal studies (contraindicated in patients with personal/family history of MTC or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2), potential for pancreatitis, gallbladder issues, acute kidney injury, hypersensitivity reactions, and increased heart rate. It is not recommended during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or in patients with severe gastrointestinal disease, and requires caution in those with renal impairment or history of diabetic retinopathy. Semaglutide should only be used under medical supervision with regular monitoring for efficacy, side effects, and thyroid/kidney function. Avoid unapproved or compounded versions due to serious safety and quality concerns. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting Semaglutide to determine the appropriate formulation, dosing, and whether it fits your health needs as part of a comprehensive diabetes or weight management plan.