SS-31

الوصف

SS-31, also known as Elamipretide or Bendavia, is a synthetic mitochondria-penetrating tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) designed to selectively target and accumulate in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It binds with high affinity to cardiolipin—a key phospholipid critical for mitochondrial structure and electron transport chain function—stabilizing cardiolipin, preventing cytochrome c release, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and protecting against oxidative damage while enhancing ATP synthesis and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Preclinical studies and early-phase human trials have explored SS-31’s potential to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction in various conditions, including heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s), age-related muscle decline (sarcopenia), chronic kidney disease, glaucoma, and primary mitochondrial myopathies. In animal models, SS-31 has demonstrated remarkable effects such as improved cardiac function, reduced infarct size post-myocardial infarction, enhanced exercise performance and muscle endurance, decreased inflammation, improved neuronal survival, and protection against age-related mitochondrial decline. In human clinical trials (Phase 1/2 studies for conditions like heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, primary mitochondrial disease, and dry age-related macular degeneration), SS-31 has shown promising signals of improved exercise tolerance, reduced fatigue, better cardiac energetics, and enhanced quality of life, with generally favorable tolerability. In wellness, anti-aging, and performance optimization communities, SS-31 is researched via subcutaneous injection (typical doses in studies 0.25–40 mg/day, often 4–10 mg daily in anecdotal protocols) or sometimes topical/oral forms, with users reporting potential benefits like increased energy, faster recovery from workouts or injury, reduced brain fog, better sleep, and overall vitality. However, SS-31 is not FDA-approved for any therapeutic, anti-aging, performance, or medical use as of 2026—it remains an investigational compound, with ongoing clinical trials (e.g., Phase 3 for primary mitochondrial myopathy and heart failure) but no approved indications. Side effects in trials have been generally mild (injection-site reactions, headache, fatigue, dizziness), though long-term safety data is limited. It is not classified as a controlled substance but availability is restricted to research channels or select compounding pharmacies. Never use SS-31 without supervision from a qualified healthcare provider experienced in mitochondrial therapeutics or peptides, as self-administration carries risks of contamination from unregulated sources, improper dosing, adverse reactions, or legal issues. Prioritize evidence-based approaches for mitochondrial health, energy, or recovery—consult a professional to assess suitability, and stay informed on ongoing trial results or potential future regulatory status. SS-31 is not a substitute for proven medical treatments or lifestyle interventions.