AICAR

الوصف

AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), also known as acadesine, is a cell-permeable nucleotide analog that functions as an AMP mimetic to directly activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. By stimulating AMPK, AICAR promotes catabolic processes like fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake while inhibiting anabolic pathways such as lipid and protein synthesis—effects that closely resemble those triggered by physical exercise or caloric restriction. Preclinical studies (in animal models and cell cultures) and early-phase human research have explored AICAR’s potential to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce fat accumulation (particularly in obesity models), enhance mitochondrial function, increase endurance performance, normalize glucose tolerance, lower blood pressure in metabolic syndrome models, and protect against metabolic disturbances or inflammation-related issues like cachexia. It has also been investigated for cardioprotective effects during ischemia, potential anti-cancer properties (e.g., inhibiting tumor growth via apoptosis and reduced angiogenesis in certain models), and benefits in neurodegenerative or inflammatory conditions through autophagy induction and mTORC1 regulation. In wellness, biohacking, and performance enhancement communities, AICAR is often researched via subcutaneous injection (typical doses in studies around 150-500 mg/kg in animals, with human-equivalent anecdotal ranges much lower at 10-50 mg daily or less) for purported “exercise in a bottle” effects, including fat loss, better energy utilization, and metabolic optimization without actual physical activity. However, AICAR is not FDA-approved for any therapeutic, performance, weight management, or medical use as of 2026—it remains an investigational research compound, prohibited by WADA and USADA as a metabolic modulator due to its performance-enhancing potential, and flagged in regulatory contexts for safety concerns when used outside controlled research. Human clinical data is limited (mostly early trials from the 1990s-2000s for cardiac or metabolic applications), with no large-scale approval-level studies confirming long-term efficacy or safety. Reported side effects in research include potential neurodegeneration risk from excessive AMPK activation, gastrointestinal issues, fatigue, or metabolic imbalances; off-target effects (some AMPK-independent) have been noted in systematic reviews. It should never be used without supervision from a qualified healthcare provider experienced in research compounds, as self-administration carries risks of contamination from unregulated sources, improper dosing, adverse reactions (including serious ones like cellular stress or organ effects), or legal issues. Prioritize evidence-based lifestyle interventions—diet, exercise, and approved therapies—for metabolic health or performance goals. Consult a professional to assess suitability, and stay informed on emerging research or regulatory status. AICAR is not a substitute for proven medical treatments.